φαινόμενο - vertaling naar Engels
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φαινόμενο - vertaling naar Engels


φαινόμενο         
phenomenon
skin effect         
  • Four stages of skin effect in a coax showing the effect on inductance. Diagrams show a cross-section of the coaxial cable. Color code: black=overall insulating sheath, tan=conductor, white=dielectric, green=current into the diagram, blue=current coming out of the diagram, dashed black lines with arrowheads=magnetic flux (B). The width of the dashed black lines is intended to show relative strength of the magnetic field integrated over the circumference at that radius. The four stages, ''A'', ''B'', ''C'', and ''D'' are: non-energized, low frequency, middle frequency and high frequency respectively. There are three regions that may contain induced magnetic fields: the center conductor, the dielectric and the outer conductor. In stage ''B'', current covers the conductors uniformly and there is a significant magnetic field in all three regions. As the frequency is increased and the skin effect takes hold (''C'' and ''D'') the magnetic field in the dielectric region is unchanged as it is proportional to the total current flowing in the center conductor. In ''C'', however, there is a reduced magnetic field in the deeper sections of the inner conductor and the outer sections of the shield (outer conductor). Thus there is less energy stored in the magnetic field given the same total current, corresponding to a reduced inductance. At an even higher frequency, ''D'', the skin depth is tiny: all current is confined to the surface of the conductors. The only magnetic field is in the regions between the conductors; only the "external inductance" remains.
  • Current density in round wire for various skin depths.  Numbers shown on each curve are the ratio of skin depth to wire radius.  The curve shown with the infinity sign is the zero frequency (DC) case.  All curves are normalized so that the current density at the surface is the same.  The horizontal axis is the position within the wire with the left and right extremes being the surface of the wire.  The vertical axis is relative current density.
  •  [[Induction cooker]]s use stranded coils ([[Litz wire]]) to reduce heating of the coil itself due to skin effect. The AC frequencies used in induction cookers are much higher than standard mains frequency ‒ typically around 25-50 kHz.
  • Fe-Ni – high-permeability [[permalloy]] (80%Ni-20%Fe)
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  • Cause of skin effect. A current I flowing through a conductor induces a magnetic field H. If the current increases, as in this figure, the resulting increase in H induces circulating [[eddy current]]s I<sub>W</sub> which partially cancel the current flow in the center and reinforce it near the skin.
  • The ratio AC resistance to DC resistance of a round wire versus the ratio of the wire’s radius to the skin depth.   As skin depth becomes small relative to the radius, the ratio of AC to DC resistance approaches one half of the ratio of the radius to the skin depth.
  • The internal component of a round wire's inductance vs. the ratio of skin depth to radius. That component of the self inductance is reduced below μ / 8π as skin depth becomes small (as frequency increases).
TENDENCY OF ALTERNATING CURRENT TO HAVE THE GREATEST CURRENT DENSITY NEAR THE SURFACE OF A CONDUCTOR
Skin depth; Skin effect (electricity); Skin Effect; Skin Depth; Skin depth effect; Skindepth; Classical skin depth
επιδερμικό φαινόμενο, επιφανειακό φαινόμενο
apparent altitude      
φαινόμενο ύψος

Wikipedia

Φαινόμενο
Ένα φαινόμενο είναι ένα παρατηρήσιμο γεγονός. Ο όρος εισήχθηλε στη σύγχρονη φιλοσοφική του χρήση μέσω του Ιμμάνουελ Καντ, ο οποίος τον αντιπαρέβαλε με το νοούμενο, το οποίο δεν μπορεί να παρατηρηθεί άμεσα. Ο Καντ επηρεάστηκε σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τον Γκότφριντ Βίλχελμ Λάιμπνιτς σε αυτό το μέρος της φιλοσοφίας του, στο οποίο το φαινόμενο και το όνομα χρησιμεύουν ως αλληλένδετοι τεχνικοί όροι. Πολύ πριν από αυτό, ο αρχαίος Έλληνας πυρρωνιστής φιλόσοφος Σέξτος ο Εμπειρίκος χρησιμοποίησε επίσης φαινόμενο και νοούμενο ως αλληλένδετους τεχνικούς όρους.